It has been an exciting week for Vermont Cookie Love. This week we moved further toward establishing a distributor relationship with Associated Buyers. It looks as if we will be added to their catalog of products in December. They cover most of New England, so this could mean a very large increase in our production and sales.
We also had a conversation with Ben and Jerry's this week that could mean a large increase in our bulk dough sales. We sell our bulk dough in 15 lb. blocks. The company Ben and Jerry's still owns several scoop shops here in VT (i.e., they are not franchises). They are considering buying our bulk dough to bake for cookies in these shops.
That brings me to one of the topics for this week, which is batching-up. How do you take a home sized recipe and increase it in size? How do you go from a recipe that fits in a 6 qt. home stand mixer to a recipe that makes the most of an 80 qt. Hobart mixer? When we started out doing this, we thought it was a matter of just multiplying the ingredients by two, four or whatever to increase the size. Turns out that's not how it's done.
The first step in batching-up, and in recipe development itself, was to reduce the quantity of each ingredient used to a weight, and preferably grams rather than ounces. Weighing ingredients by the gram was the single most important thing I learned in order to create consistent recipes. I had no idea when I started out how much different in weight a cup of flour can be from one measuring to another. Do you scoop it in the cup and level off? Do you sprinkle the flour into the cup lightly then level off? The difference in weight is staggering, and the outcomes very, very different. So when we developed our recipes, I weighed each ingredient rather than measuring. And when I made adjustments of an ingredient, that adjustment may have been too small to measure other than by the gram. But the difference in outcome was enough to notice.
Once you have your recipe written out in grams, add up all the ingredient weights to arrive at the total weight of your batch. Then you calculate what percentage of the whole batch each ingredient constitutes by dividing the ingredient by the whole. As an example...
Flour - 1000 g = 1000/1360 = .736 or 73.6%
Sugar - 200 g = 200/1360 = .147 or 14.7%
Eggs - 150 g = 150/1360 = .11 or 11%
Salt - 10 g = 10/1360 = .007 or 0.7%
TOTAL - 1360 g = 1 or 100%
Now that you have the percentages, you can pick a large batch size and multiply the batch size by the percentages to arrive at the weight of each ingredient for that batch size. For example, the first large mixer we used was a 60 qt. mixer, which could handle a 30 kg batch of dough. So for our example, the calculations would be as follows:
Flour - .736 x 30,000 (30 kg equals 30000 g) = 22,080 g
Sugar - .147 x 30,000 = 4,410 g
Eggs - .11 x 30,000 = 3,300 g
Salt - .007 x 30,000 = 210 g
Certain ingredients may not batch-up as well, such as spices or salt. We learned all this from Brian Norder at the Vermont Food Venture Center. He taught us that salt, for example, may need to be decreased in the final large batch because ingredients that are a very small part of your home sized batch may become overwhelming when batched-up. That happened in our case for some of our flavors. We ended up decreasing the salt content by about 25% from the batch-up recipe.
When it comes to packaging, we still have a lot to learn, and it is an ever-evolving work-in-progress. At the point when we were selecting packaging for our frozen cookie dough, we were heavily influenced in our choices by our desire to make the packaging look like a burrito (in keeping with the DOUGH-rito theme, now no longer used). But it was also important to create a barrier from freezer burn. We wanted to start with a layer that the dough would not stick too very much. We tried waxed paper, but it disintegrated. We decided to go with freezer paper because it is designed to protect the food from freezer burn and it created a nice foundation on which to wrap the aluminum foil. The foil adds another layer of freezer protection and provides a tighter seal than the paper. It also looks like a burrito, at least the kind you get in a California burrito shop.
We had our graphic designers create the "cuffs" that go around each log of dough with all the required label information and baking instructions. As I mentioned before, we started by photocopying our cuffs at a copy shop and securing them to the foil with tape. We closed the cuff with one of our logo labels. A year after we started, we had the cuffs redesigned and printed to look more professional. They are now on freezer tolerant paper with an adhesive strip to attach them to the foil.
The final piece to our packaging is the plastic outer layer, which comes in a tube form that is then sealed. We have to thread each log of dough individually into this tube of plastic and then seal it with a hand sealer.
As many of you may imagine, our packaging will need to be changed if we ever hope to become more efficient at producing the product. Chances are we will need to extrude the dough with a machine into plastic tubing, and have our label information printed right on the tube. We have resisted such an idea until now because we fear there will be less to differentiate us from the mega brands of dough in the refrigerator case. Unless we come up with another idea though, there may be no other way for us to grow the company.
If I were to advise another company starting out about packaging, I would suggest they think about the "what if" scenario where they need to produce thousands of units of their product very quickly. Would they be able to do that with the packaging they have in mind? If growth of that nature is not a goal, then it may not be an issue. Perhaps maintaining an artisanal profile is more important than growing the company. In any event, it's something that is best taken into consideration early on.
I'm off to stoke to fire and find a really good beans and rice recipe for tonight.
Sunday, October 11, 2009
Sunday, October 4, 2009
The Vermont Food Venture Center and a Bit About Financing
Farmers' markets are almost over for the season. Shelburne has one more week and Middlebury goes a few more. I have mixed feelings about the end of the season. As I mentioned before, I am tired, bone tired, and ready to have one less thing on my plate. But this may well be our last farmers' market season, so I'm feeling nostalgic since Shelburne Farmers' Market is where it all started. We will save the decision until next year (when we are more rested?) but as it stands, we feel spread a little too thin and are inclined to stop trying to do the farmers markets.
In the recipe development phase, we made all our batches at home. But we knew that we were going to need more dough to make our cookies and frozen cookie dough than our trusty stand mixer could handle, so we started exploring options for mixing elsewhere. Paul had learned about a wonderful resource in Vermont called the Vermont Food Venture Center where small food entrepreneurs could make their product. We called them up and set up a meeting.
The staff at the Venture Center was amazing. They provided us with a cd about starting a food business that outlined many of the steps involved in launching a product -- from batching-up our recipes (i.e., turning our home batch into a gigantaur batch), to licensing requirements, to FDA nutritional labeling requirements and more. It provided lists of resources for labels and packaging materials and ingredient distributors and service providers for food nutritional analysis and graphic design.
The facilities at the Venture Center are great for a start-up company. It's in a cool old manufacturing building in Fairfax, Vermont, about an hour's drive from us. It has a large commercial kitchen, a 60 quart hobart mixer (important to us), a flash freezer and large walk-in storage freezers and refrigerators. Each company is provided with a little space to store ingredients, which can be delivered directly there by the ingredient distributor. And the best part, perhaps, was that a tiny company with no real capital behind it (more about that later) could rent all this on an hourly basis after becoming a member (which only cost about $100 a year). In our case, we figured one mixing session would last us a month at the beginning, so all we would need was a few hours at a time once in a while. At that time, rates were roughly $20 an hour, give or take depending on the equipment you needed to use.
With their resource cd in hand, we went about doing all of the things we would need to do in order to offer the frozen cookie dough at the first farmers' market. The next thing on our to-do list was to figure out how we would package the frozen cookie dough, get labels designed for the dough and have nutritional analyses done to put on those labels. At first we planned on offering only two flavors as frozen dough, even though we had four flavors developed at that point. If those were received well, we'd go forward with the others.
The nutritional analysis part was interesting. I had never even wondered how that was done. Basically, you hire someone to take your recipe and break it down into the nutritional components that are required by the FDA to be on labels. One thing to note is that if you never plan on selling your product in "interstate commerce" then you don't have to have this done. Basically, if you do not sell your product across state lines, then you can get away with just a list of ingredients, but the minute your product crosses state lines, then you must abide by all the FDA regulations. We had no idea if our product would ever cross state lines, but we wanted to be optimistic and do it right out of the gate to avoid having to redesign packaging later. (As it turned out, we did have to redesign packaging anyway, and will again soon, but whatEVER!)
Our nutritional analyst was and is Wendy Hess. She is based in Burlington, Vermont and must be kept very busy with all the food businesses that are started here. She was great to work with, turned our materials around very quickly, and even offered great email moral support.
When it was time to design the labels for the frozen dough, we once again turned to Gotham City Graphics. We loved the logo they had come up with for us, and we loved working with them, so it was a no-brainer. We had already decided that we were going to package the dough shaped like a burrito, although some of the details of that had yet to be worked out. Steph from Gotham designed what came to be called a "cuff" that would wrap around the burrito shaped log of dough and provide all the information. We wanted to keep expenses very low at first, so we decided these cuffs should be something that we could photocopy and adhere with one of our logo label stickers. Early devoted customers will remember the pastel colored paper we used -- goldenrod for chocolate chip, baby blue for triple chocolate, green for peanut butter, pink for oatmeal, etc.
I'll go into more detail about packaging decision for the dough in another post. For now, I want to talk a little about financing. In the beginning, our financing consisted of whatever money we had on hand. Since we had no financing to speak of, we were forced to start incredibly small. I wonder what it would be like to launch a new product on the market with real capital? We saw a few companies at the trade show that were less than a year old and had their acts together in a manner that made it clear they had some moolah behind them. I still feel like a freshman when I see companies like that. But on the positive side, we were able to test our product in a small market and figure out whether or not there was a demand and whether people liked it before taking on much risk.
A year into the business, when we had already placed the products in more than 20 stores, we finally sought some additional financing. But again, we have not ventured into the real world of capital yet as our only investors so far are family and friends. By the time we went begging with out hat in our hands, we had answered the questions about there being a demand and interest in the products. So here we are at the beginning of our third year in business and we really have no experience in raising serious capital. I may be trying to pick some of YOUR brains about that in the coming years.
I'm off to open the shop with both kids under foot. Paul is giving away samples at the City Market Harvest Festival in Burlington today.
I think I'll go further into packaging and batching-up in my next post.
Until then...
In the recipe development phase, we made all our batches at home. But we knew that we were going to need more dough to make our cookies and frozen cookie dough than our trusty stand mixer could handle, so we started exploring options for mixing elsewhere. Paul had learned about a wonderful resource in Vermont called the Vermont Food Venture Center where small food entrepreneurs could make their product. We called them up and set up a meeting.
The staff at the Venture Center was amazing. They provided us with a cd about starting a food business that outlined many of the steps involved in launching a product -- from batching-up our recipes (i.e., turning our home batch into a gigantaur batch), to licensing requirements, to FDA nutritional labeling requirements and more. It provided lists of resources for labels and packaging materials and ingredient distributors and service providers for food nutritional analysis and graphic design.
The facilities at the Venture Center are great for a start-up company. It's in a cool old manufacturing building in Fairfax, Vermont, about an hour's drive from us. It has a large commercial kitchen, a 60 quart hobart mixer (important to us), a flash freezer and large walk-in storage freezers and refrigerators. Each company is provided with a little space to store ingredients, which can be delivered directly there by the ingredient distributor. And the best part, perhaps, was that a tiny company with no real capital behind it (more about that later) could rent all this on an hourly basis after becoming a member (which only cost about $100 a year). In our case, we figured one mixing session would last us a month at the beginning, so all we would need was a few hours at a time once in a while. At that time, rates were roughly $20 an hour, give or take depending on the equipment you needed to use.
With their resource cd in hand, we went about doing all of the things we would need to do in order to offer the frozen cookie dough at the first farmers' market. The next thing on our to-do list was to figure out how we would package the frozen cookie dough, get labels designed for the dough and have nutritional analyses done to put on those labels. At first we planned on offering only two flavors as frozen dough, even though we had four flavors developed at that point. If those were received well, we'd go forward with the others.
The nutritional analysis part was interesting. I had never even wondered how that was done. Basically, you hire someone to take your recipe and break it down into the nutritional components that are required by the FDA to be on labels. One thing to note is that if you never plan on selling your product in "interstate commerce" then you don't have to have this done. Basically, if you do not sell your product across state lines, then you can get away with just a list of ingredients, but the minute your product crosses state lines, then you must abide by all the FDA regulations. We had no idea if our product would ever cross state lines, but we wanted to be optimistic and do it right out of the gate to avoid having to redesign packaging later. (As it turned out, we did have to redesign packaging anyway, and will again soon, but whatEVER!)
Our nutritional analyst was and is Wendy Hess. She is based in Burlington, Vermont and must be kept very busy with all the food businesses that are started here. She was great to work with, turned our materials around very quickly, and even offered great email moral support.
When it was time to design the labels for the frozen dough, we once again turned to Gotham City Graphics. We loved the logo they had come up with for us, and we loved working with them, so it was a no-brainer. We had already decided that we were going to package the dough shaped like a burrito, although some of the details of that had yet to be worked out. Steph from Gotham designed what came to be called a "cuff" that would wrap around the burrito shaped log of dough and provide all the information. We wanted to keep expenses very low at first, so we decided these cuffs should be something that we could photocopy and adhere with one of our logo label stickers. Early devoted customers will remember the pastel colored paper we used -- goldenrod for chocolate chip, baby blue for triple chocolate, green for peanut butter, pink for oatmeal, etc.
I'll go into more detail about packaging decision for the dough in another post. For now, I want to talk a little about financing. In the beginning, our financing consisted of whatever money we had on hand. Since we had no financing to speak of, we were forced to start incredibly small. I wonder what it would be like to launch a new product on the market with real capital? We saw a few companies at the trade show that were less than a year old and had their acts together in a manner that made it clear they had some moolah behind them. I still feel like a freshman when I see companies like that. But on the positive side, we were able to test our product in a small market and figure out whether or not there was a demand and whether people liked it before taking on much risk.
A year into the business, when we had already placed the products in more than 20 stores, we finally sought some additional financing. But again, we have not ventured into the real world of capital yet as our only investors so far are family and friends. By the time we went begging with out hat in our hands, we had answered the questions about there being a demand and interest in the products. So here we are at the beginning of our third year in business and we really have no experience in raising serious capital. I may be trying to pick some of YOUR brains about that in the coming years.
I'm off to open the shop with both kids under foot. Paul is giving away samples at the City Market Harvest Festival in Burlington today.
I think I'll go further into packaging and batching-up in my next post.
Until then...
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